Strumenti

Osservatorio Atmosferico

• Stazione meteo [pressione, temperatura, umidità, velocità e direzione del vento, precipitazione (Vaisala); radiazione solare (Kipp and Zonen)] - dal 1999.
• Non-dispersive Infra-red (NDIR) analyzer [atmospheric CO₂ concentration (the system includes a Siemens 5E analyzer)] - weekly samples, since 1992; continuous, since 1998.
• Gaschromatograph [atmospheric concentration of CH₄, N₂O, CFC-11 and CFC-12 (HP 6890)] - weekly samples, since 1997; continuous, since 2006.
• Cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzer [atmospheric CO₂, CO, CH₄ (Picarro G2401)] - since 2012.
• Brewer MK III spectrophotometer (total ozone, spectral UV irradiance, aerosol optical depth) - since 1998.
• Aerosol lidar [together with University of Rome; aerosol backscattering and depolarization profiles] - since 1999.
• Visible Multi Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer [MFRSR; aerosol optical depth at several wavelengths, diffuse-to-direct irradiance ratio, column water vapor, aerosol single scattering albedo (Yankee Environmental Systems MFR-7)]; since 2001.
• Ultraviolet Multi Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer [UV-MFRSR; aerosol optical depth at several wavelengths, diffuse-to-direct irradiance ratio (Yankee Environmental Systems UV-MFR-7)]; 2004-2006, restarted in 2010.
• Cimel CE-318 sun-photometer [jointly with Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia; part of AERONET] - 2000-2005, restarted in 2010.
• Middleton 4-channel sun-photometer, wide field of view [aerosol optical depth, column water vapour] - since 2013.
• Middleton 4-channel sun-photometer, narrow field of view [aerosol optical depth, column water vapour] - since 2013.
• PM-10 aerosol sampler [Tecora Skypost, daily chemical analyses performed at the University of Florence; FAI Hydra, University of Florence] - since 2004.
• PM-10 aerosol sampler for EC/OC [Tecora Echo PM; daily chemical analyses performed at the University of Florence] - started in 2010.
• Particle soot/absorption photometer [PSAP; aerosol absorption coefficient; LSCE/IPSL] - starting in 2010.
• Precision Spectral Pyranometer [downward shortwave irradiance (Eppley)] - since 2003.
• Precision Infrared Radiometer [downward longwave irradiance (Eppley)] - since 2003.
• Shaded CGR4 pyrgeometer [downward longwave irradiance (Kipp and Zonen)] - since 2007.
• Shaded Precision Spectral Pyranometer [diffuse downward shortwave irradiance (Eppley)] - since 2006.
• CHP1 pyrheliometer [direct normal irradiance (Kippa and Zonen)] - since 2011.
• Photosynthetic radiation radiometer [downward photosynthetically active radiation (Li-cor)] - since 2004.
• Diffuse Photosynthetic radiation radiometer [downward photosynthetically active radiation (Li-cor)] - since 2016
• Actinic radiation spectrometer [actinic radiation spectra, photodissociation rates (Metcon GmbH)] - since 2004.
• UV-Vis-near IR spectrometer [global spectral irradiance (Satlantic HyperOCR)] - since 2013.
• CARAGA aerosol sampler [dust/aerosol total deposition; LISA] - started in 2011.
• Total sky imager [cloud cover (Yankee Environmental Systems TSI 440)] - since 2003.
• Water vapor Raman lidar [day/nighttime vertical profiles of water vapor, aerosol extinction (jointly with University of Rome)] - since 2009.
• Vaisala radiosonde [temperature, pressure, humidity, wind (Vaisala Digicora III)] - since 2004.
• SODAR [wind vertical profiles, three components, RSE] - 2006-2010.
• RPG Hat-Pro Microwave radiometer [temperature, water vapour, clouds vertical profiles] - 2009; restarted in 2010.
• IR camera [IR radiance in the atmospheric window (Heitronics)] - 2009; restarted in 2010.
• Ozone analyzer [surface ozone mixing ratio; Province of Agrigento] - 2003, 2006-2007, 2010-2013.
• Ozone analyzer [surface ozone mixing ratio; ISAC/CNR] - since 2014.
• ENEA gas sampling unit [weekly analyses of CFC-113, HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, SF₆, CH₃Cl, CH₃Br, CH₂Cl₂, CCl₄, CH₃CCl₃, Halon-1211, Halon-1301, CH₂Br₂, CH₃I, CHCl₃, made at ENEA, Rome] - since 2004.
• NOAA gas sampling unit [weekly analyses of CO₂, CH₄, SF₆, CO, ¹³C, H₂, ¹⁸O, made at NOAA] - weekly analyses since 2006.

Osservatorio Oceanografico

• Meteorological station [air pressure, temperature, humidity (Vaisala)] - since 2017.
• Sonic anemometer [wind direction and velocity (Gill)] - since 2017.
• CGR4 pyrgeometer [downward longwave irradiance (Kipp and Zonen)] - since 2015.
• CMP21 pyranometer [downward shortwave irradiance (Kipp and Zonen)] - since 2015.
• Photosynthetic radiation radiometer [downward photosynthetically active radiation (Li-cor)] - since 2017.
• Electronic level [sensor attitude] - since 2015.
• Satlantic OCR-507 ICSA [7-band downwelling irradiance; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Seabird SBE39P at 1 m depth [ocean pressure and temperature] - since 2017.
• Seabird SBE39P at 2 m depth [ocean pressure and temperature] - since 2017.
• 2xSatlantic OCR-507ICSW at 2.5 m depth (upwellling and downwelling 7-band irradiances; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Satlantic OCR-507R10W at 2.5 m depth [7-band upwelling radiance; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Seabird SBE50 at 2.5 m depth [pressure; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• WetLabs ECO-3 at 4 m depth [backscattering, chlorophyll, C-DOM; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• 2xSatlantic OCR-507ICSW at 6 m depth (upwellling and downwelling 7-band irradiances; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Satlantic OCR-507R10W at 6 m depth [7-band upwelling radiance; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Seabird SBE50 at 6 m depth [pressure; CNR-ISMAR] - since 2018.
• Seabird SBE37 at 18 m depth [ocean pressure, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen] - since 2017.